Winter in Japan is a season of contrasts that demands thoughtful preparation—especially from tourists. For snow lovers, regions like Hokkaido and the Japanese Alps transform into stunning winter wonderlands. Meanwhile, cities such as Tokyo and Osaka experience cooler temperatures with occasional light snowfall.
Whether you’re a local accustomed to this seasonal shift or a tourist visiting Japan for the first time, winter can be as challenging as it is captivating. Proper preparation is not just about comfort; it’s essential for fully enjoying all that Japan has to offer during this season. This guide is here to provide everything you need to make the most of your winter experience in Japan.
Winter Months in Japan
As the vibrant autumn leaves change color and fall by the end of November, Japan gracefully transitions into winter in December, ushering in crisp breezes and chilly weather. The last month of the year officially marks the start of the season, with temperatures dropping to around 12°C in the morning and 8°C in the evening in most regions. January then marks the peak of winter, making it the coldest month of the year and one of the country’s major travel seasons. Temperatures drop significantly during this time, especially in northern areas like Hokkaido. Finally, February remains cold but brings clearer skies to most regions, making it an ideal time to visit snowy landscapes and enjoy winter festivals.
Winter Temperatures By Region
Japan’s winter temperature greatly varies per region. While some areas are blanketed with snow and experience freezing conditions, others enjoy milder weather with only occasional frost. Understanding these regional variations is essential for planning your travel plans.
Northern Japan
Northern Japan experiences freezing temperatures, often dipping below -10°C, accompanied by heavy snowfall, particularly in coastal areas along the Sea of Japan and in mountainous regions. Some of the coldest areas include Hokkaido, Aomori, Akita, and Yamagata.
Eastern Japan
Eastern Japan also experiences freezing temperatures and heavy snow in high-altitude areas, though most regions have milder conditions compared to Northern Japan. Some of the coldest areas include Gunma, Nagano, and Yamanashi. In contrast, Tokyo and the Kanto Region, which includes Kanagawa, Saitama, and Chiba, have relatively mild winters, with temperatures ranging from 2°C to 10°C.
Western Japan
Western Japan generally has moderately cold winters, but heavy snowfall occurs in some coastal areas. Cold spots include Fukui, Ishikawa, Toyama, and parts of Hyogo Prefecture. Popular tourist destinations like Kyoto and Osaka experience temperatures ranging from 2°C to 8°C, making them more temperate than the northern regions.
Southern Japan
Southern Japan enjoys mild winters thanks to its subtropical oceanic climate. Okinawa benefits from warm, pleasant weather throughout the season, with average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 20°C, making it ideal for those seeking a break from the cold.
What to Wear for the Cold
Dressing appropriately for winter in Japan is essential to staying warm and comfortable while making the most of the season’s activities. The right clothing can make all the difference, especially if you plan on walking a lot. The first rule? Layering! Combining functionality with comfort will ensure you’re prepared for anything winter throws your way.
Layering Basics
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Base Layer: Thermal underwear or heat-retaining clothing.
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Middle Layer: Insulating materials like fleece or wool.
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Outer Layer: A waterproof, windproof, thick jacket for snowy or rainy days.
The outer layer is essential for going to snowy areas and mountainous regions. But if you’re just visiting or traveling to areas with milder temperatures, like Tokyo, the Kanto Region, Kyoto, and Osaka, a thick base and outer layer would suffice.
Essential Items to Bring
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Gloves, Hats, and Scarves: Additional protection from the cold.
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Winter Boots: Opt for waterproof and non-slip soles for icy conditions.
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Kairo (heat packs): Widely available in Japan–konbinis, drugstores, and supermarkets, these disposable packs can be slipped into gloves, pockets, or shoes.
Packing Tips
If traveling from abroad, make sure to pack versatile items like lightweight, thermal clothing to save luggage space. If you’re going to snowy regions and planning to do some winter activities, it’s best to rent bulky items like snow boots from local gear shops in ski areas for convenience.
Indoor Heating and Insulation
Japanese homes, hotels, and other rental options like Airbnbs are equipped with proper heating and insulation to keep you warm during winter. But if you’re a newly-arrived foreign resident, a tourist visiting Japan for long term, or just someone who ends up in a budget-friendly place with limited central heating or insulation, here’s how to stay cozy in your private spaces:
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Portable Heaters: Some accommodations may provide electric or kerosene heaters for additional heating, but confirm in advance. If not, portable heaters are often available for rent or purchase at electronics stores.
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Thermal Curtains and Window Insulation: Drafty windows can make rooms chilly, so look for accommodations offering insulated curtains or consider temporary window seals, which are mostly available at hardware stores.
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Layered Sleepwear: Packing thermal sleepwear or fleece-lined pajamas can ensure a warm, comfortable night’s rest, especially in rentals that may lack heated floors.
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Kotatsu Use: If staying in a home with a kotatsu (heated table), bring or buy cozy socks and loungewear to make the most of this uniquely Japanese way to stay warm.
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Electric Blankets and Heated Rugs: Energy-efficient ways to stay warm without heating the entire room. Widely available at furniture stores like Ikea and Nitori or online stores like Amazon.
Transportation by Land and Air
Japan has one of the best and most efficient transportation systems in the world, so you won’t have a hard time exploring the country during winter. High-speed trains, subways, buses, and well-maintained roads connect cities, towns, and rural areas seamlessly. However, winter weather can occasionally cause delays or disruptions. To avoid inconvenience, check weather forecasts and transportation updates in advance, especially when visiting regions with heavy snowfall. Here are some tips to help you navigate your winter travel in Japan:
Be Prepared for Local Delays in Snowy Regions
In regions like Hokkaido or the Japanese Alps, local trains, buses, and flights may be delayed or suspended due to snow accumulation or strong winds. While trains in these areas are designed to handle moderate snowfall, heavy winds can pose significant challenges. Always check schedules in advance and have a backup plan ready.
Drive Carefully in Snowy Areas
If you’re renting a car in snowy regions, ensure it is equipped with snow tires or chains for better traction on icy roads. Exercise caution while driving, especially on slippery surfaces, and stick to main highways, which are regularly cleared of snow for safer travel. Additionally, always check for snow accumulation on the car’s roof before and while driving, as it can slide forward unexpectedly and obstruct your view.
Use the JR Rail Pass for Flexibility
The JR Rail Pass offers unlimited travel on JR-operated trains. It’s a cost-effective and convenient option for long-distance travel. Trains, including the Shinkansen (bullet trains), are well-equipped to handle winter conditions but may experience slight delays during heavy snow.
Check Out Other Public Transportation Options
In rural areas, buses often serve as the primary mode of transportation. While they are generally reliable, winter weather conditions and reduced schedules can affect their frequency, so it’s important to plan your trips carefully and check timetables in advance. Some buses may also be canceled in areas prone to heavy snowfall, so having an alternative plan is advisable.
If public transportation isn't available or you prefer more flexibility, taxis and ride-hailing services like Uber are a convenient option. They are widely available in major cities. However, they can be more expensive than buses or trains.
Winter Festivals in Japan You Shouldn’t Miss
With proper preparation and reliable transportation, take the opportunity to explore Japan’s winter festivals and immerse yourself in the culture while enjoying the stunning snow-covered scenery of its coldest and most picturesque regions. Here are some must-see winter festivals to make the most of your winter holiday:
Sapporo Snow Festival (Hokkaido)
The Sapporo Snow Festival is one of Japan's most iconic winter events, held annually in early February in Sapporo, the capital of Hokkaido. This week-long festival showcases breathtaking snow and ice sculptures, some towering over several meters high and intricately carved into stunning designs ranging from famous landmarks to pop culture figures.
The event is spread across three main sites: Odori Park, Susukino, and Tsudome, each offering unique attractions such as illuminated displays, ice bars, and family-friendly activities like snow slides and snow rafting.
Pro Tip: Visit the festival at night to see the sculptures illuminated, and don’t miss sampling local Hokkaido delicacies at nearby stalls.
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Yokote Kamakura Festival (Akita)
This traditional event dates back over 450 years and celebrates the region’s cultural heritage with kamakura, small igloo-like snow huts. Each kamakura features a snow altar dedicated to the water deity, where visitors can offer prayers for a clean and plentiful water supply. The festival comes alive at night when the kamakura and surrounding snow are illuminated by candles.
Pro Tip: To make the most of your visit, arrive in the late afternoon to see the kamakura during daylight and stay into the evening for the enchanting candlelit displays. Don’t miss the smaller mini kamakura, which line streets and fields, offering breathtaking photo opportunities.
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Hirosaki Castle Snow Lantern Festival (Aomori)
The festival is set against the backdrop of the historic Hirosaki Castle and features over 200 snow lanterns and countless small snow sculptures illuminated by candles. The park is also adorned with colorful lights and projection mapping displays on the castle walls.
Pro Tip: Visit the festival in the evening to experience the full beauty of the illuminated snow lanterns and sculptures, and take your time exploring the park for the best photo spots.
Iwate Snow Festival (Iwate)
This week-long festival showcases massive snow sculptures, horse-drawn sleigh rides, snow slides, and a variety of family-friendly activities. In the evenings, the sculptures are beautifully lit up, and the festival grounds come alive with colorful illuminations.
Pro Tip: Arrive early in the day to participate in snow activities, then stay after sunset to see the illuminated sculptures.
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Tokamachi Snow Festival (Niigata)
Set in a region famous for its heavy snowfall, the festival features a variety of creative snow sculptures, performances, and interactive events—mostly music and dance shows. Snow sculptures are illuminated at night, against the backdrop of fireworks and live entertainment. Visitors can also enjoy local specialties, like ramen and sake, at food stalls scattered across the festival grounds.
Pro Tip: Don’t miss trying Tokamachi’s renowned local rice and sake–perfect for warming up in the winter chill.
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Winter Activities in Japan You Should Try
Winter in Japan offers a wealth of activities to suit every kind of traveler—adrenaline junkies eager to hit the slopes, nature lovers looking to explore serene snowy trails, or just travelers in search of relaxation. Here are some of the top winter adventures in Japan and where exactly you can enjoy them.
Snowboarding, Skiing, and Snowshoeing
Winter sports enthusiasts will find Japan to be a paradise for exciting snow adventures, offering something for every skill level. There are snowboarding, skiing, and snowshoeing activities for beginners looking for gentle, easy-to-navigate slopes and experts seeking the thrill of challenging runs.
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Niseko, Hokkaido: Famous for its top-quality powder snow and excellent facilities, making it a paradise for skiers and snowboarders. It also offers wide-open runs, off-piste areas, and stunning views of Mount Yotei.
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Hakuba Valley, Nagano: A collection of 10 interconnected ski resorts, Hakuba Valley offers diverse terrain from beginner slopes to advanced backcountry trails.
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Zao Onsen, Yamagata: Famous for its “snow monsters,” frost-covered trees that create otherworldly landscapes. Winter sports here are both thrilling and visually mesmerizing.
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Gala Yuzawa, Niigata: Just a short Shinkansen ride from Tokyo, Gala Yuzawa offers excellent skiing, complete with an onsen to unwind after hitting the slopes.
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Shiretoko National Park, Hokkaido: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Shiretoko offers pristine winter trails for snowshoeing with the chance to spot wildlife.
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Oze National Park, Gunma/Niigata: Offers snowshoeing activities through wide-open fields and gentle slopes, surrounded by towering peaks and snowy silence.
Soak in an Onsen
Soaking in an onsen amidst snowy surroundings is an experience that perfectly blends relaxation and cultural immersion. Onsens are natural thermal baths rich in minerals believed to have therapeutic benefits; they can soothe muscles and melt away the winter chill.
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Noboribetsu Onsen, Hokkaido: Known for its sulfur-rich waters and the dramatic volcanic landscapes of Jigokudani (Hell Valley), this onsen town offers a diverse winter experience.
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Kusatsu Onsen, Gunma: Famous for its Yubatake (hot water field), this charming town is consistently ranked among Japan’s best onsens.
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Jigokudani Monkey Park, Nagano: Visitors can watch wild snow monkeys soaking in natural hot springs, a unique and heartwarming sight. Nearby onsens offer their own relaxing experiences.
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Beppu Onsen, Oita: Located in Kyushu, Beppu offers a variety of unique baths, including sand, mud, and steam baths.
Ice Skating
Ice skating is a classic winter activity accessible for all ages. In Japan, you can skate in a variety of settings, from urban rinks surrounded by city lights to picturesque outdoor rinks in snowy regions. The skating experience is even better when accompanied by seasonal illuminations and attractions. Here are some of the best places to enjoy ice skating in Japan:
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M-Wave Ice Arena, Nagano: Built for the 1998 Winter Olympics, this arena offers top-tier facilities and a spacious rink for skaters of all levels.
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Tokyo Midtown Ice Rink, Tokyo: A seasonal rink in the heart of Tokyo—perfect for city dwellers and tourists. The surrounding area also features beautiful illuminations.
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Lake Suwa, Nagano: When conditions permit, Lake Suwa freezes enough to allow natural outdoor skating.
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Red Brick Warehouse Ice Rink (Yokohama, Kanagawa): Set against the historic backdrop of Yokohama’s Red Brick Warehouse, this seasonal outdoor ice rink offers a delightful blend of culture and recreation. Nearby, visitors can enjoy a variety of cafes, restaurants, and shops.
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Yoru Machi Skate Rink (Chiba): Located in the lively Makuhari area, the Yoru Machi Skate Rink offers a unique skating experience with a distinctly urban vibe. Great option for families, couples, or groups of friends looking to enjoy some winter fun close to Tokyo.
Ice Fishing
Ice fishing in Japan typically involves drilling a small hole in the ice and using a simple rod to catch wakasagi (smelt). You can enhance your experience with cozy fishing huts and the opportunity to cook and enjoy your fresh catch on-site, though local guides may be necessary to make the most of this activity. Here are some of the best places to enjoy ice fishing in Japan:
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Lake Shikaribetsu, Hokkaido: This lake freezes completely in winter, offering not just ice fishing but also a unique ice village with igloos, an ice bar, and even an open-air hot spring on the frozen surface.
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Kushiro Shitsugen National Park, Hokkaido: Renowned for its sprawling wetlands and abundant wildlife, this national park offers a unique ice fishing experience. The frozen marshes and tranquil surroundings provide the perfect backdrop for outdoor fishing enthusiasts of all levels.
- Lake Hibara in Bandai-Asahi National Park, Tohoku: Visitors can join guided tours and ice fishing activities with provided equipment, followed by nearby hot springs and snow-covered trails.
Food and Drinks To Keep You Warm
Winter in Japan is not just about the stunning snowy landscapes—it is also a time to indulge in the country’s rich culinary offerings and enjoy its festive holiday celebrations, from Christmas to New Year. And yes, it is also the best season to eat ramen, but colder months bring a variety of seasonal dishes and warming drinks that are perfect for combatting the chill. Check out these winter specialties you can find across the country:
Check out these winter specialties you can find across the country:
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Nabe (Hot Pot): A communal dish with vegetables, meat, and broth—perfect for cold evenings.
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Oden: A konbini favorite, this simmered dish features daikon, fish cakes, and eggs in a savory broth.
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Yakiimo (Roasted Sweet Potatoes): Found in street stalls and supermarkets.
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Zenzai (Sweet Red Bean Soup): Made with azuki beans and served with chewy mochi, this warm, sweet soup is often enjoyed at traditional tea houses or festivals.
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Hot drinks at vending machines: Be sure to try out vending machines that dispense warm drinks like canned coffee and tea and warm soups.
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Yudofu (Simmered Tofu): A specialty in Kyoto, yudofu is a simple dish of tofu simmered in a delicate kombu (seaweed) broth.
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Amazake (Sweet Fermented Rice Drink): A traditional Japanese winter drink that is mildly sweet and often served warm.
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Sake (warm rice wine): Winter is the perfect time to try atsukan, warm sake, which is commonly enjoyed at izakayas (Japanese pubs) or sake bars.
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Ningyo-Yaki and Taiyaki (Hot Sweet Cakes): These warm, fish-shaped or doll-shaped cakes are filled with sweetened azuki bean paste or custard cream and are often sold at festivals and street stalls during winter.
Traveling to and around Japan in winter is a magical experience—as long as you plan ahead and prepare for potential challenges in areas with extreme weather. Pack strategically, check the weather forecast at all times, and stay warm to fully experience what winter in Japan has to offer.
